Short-term effects of whole-body vibration on the soleus of ooforectomized rats: Histomorphometric analysis and oxidative stress in an animal model.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of mechanical vibration on the histomorphometry and oxidative stress of oophorectomized rats. METHOD: Seventy-two Wistar rats were randomized to Pseudoophorectomy (P) and Oophorectomy (O) and subdivided into untreated animals and euthanized after four (P4 and O4) and eight (P8 and O8) weeks and animals treated during four (PT4 and OT4) and eight (PT8 and OT8) weeks. The treatment consisted of use of whole-body vibration for 10 min, three times a week. After euthanasia, the soleus muscle was collected. The general morphological analysis was performed in the right soleus muscle and then the cross-sectional area, the largest and the smallest diameter of the muscle fiber in 100 fibers per muscle, also the nuclei and capillary/fiber ratios, and percentage of connective tissue were measured. The left soleous was used for oxidative stress analysis. RESULTS: PT4 presented higher values in cross-sectional area than P4 and PT8, while O8 was lower than O4, P8 and OT8; for the fiber diameters, the oophorectomized animals had lower values than the pseudo-oophorectomized animals and the treatments values higher than the ones that had no treatment. In oxidative stress, O8 and OT8 presented higher lipoperoxidation, without any alterations to the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and cholinesterase. CONCLUSION: Whole-body vibration induced muscle hypertrophy in the pseudo-oophorectomized rats after four weeks, as well as being able to reverse the changes caused by the surgery in eight weeks in that variable.

Low-Level Laser Effect on Peripheral Sciatic Regeneration Under the Systemic Inflammatory Condition of Periodontal Disease.

Introduction: Periodontal disease (PD) is an inflammatory condition, which leads to tooth loss and promotes a systemic inflammatory state that can aggravate the nerve degeneration. As laser therapy may stimulate regeneration, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of the low-level laser (LLL) on peripheral nerve regeneration under the systemic inflammatory condition of PD. Methods: Thirry-two male rats were used, distributed in 4 groups: nerve injury (NIG); periodontal disease with nerve injury (PDNI); nerve injury and treatment (TNIG); periodontal disease with nerve injury and treatment (PDNIT). On the 7th day of the experiment, the animals had ligatures placed around the lower first molars. On the 22nd day, they underwent peripheral nerve damage, and on the 25th day, the LLL treatment was initiated, performed for two weeks. The sciatic functional index (SFI) was evaluated with subsequent euthanasia of all the animals on the 37th day of the experiment. The sciatic nerve was collected for morphological and oxidative stress analysis and the hemi jaws for radiographic analysis. Results: Regarding the SFI, there was no difference among the groups in the first evaluation (EV) pre-injury; as for theEV2, after injury, all the groups presented a decrease in these values, which remained in post-treatment. For the morphology of the PDNI, nerve tissue presented larger diameter fibers, whereas, for NIT and PDNIT, fibers had smaller diameters with endoneurial organization. When it comes to the antioxidant system, there was an increase in protein concentration, higher superoxide activity, and decreased glutathione transferase activity in the treated groups. Catalase and cholinesterase did not differ between the groups, and lipoperoxidation (LPO) increased in the PD groups. For the mandible radiographic analysis, it was possible to verify the induction of PD. Conclusion: As for the used parameters, the low-level laser was not effective in increasing the nociceptive threshold, but it contributed to the regeneration of nerve fibers, although the inflammation was still present in the site. However, the treatment was effective in protecting cells against oxidative damage due to increased SOD and increased protein, although the decrease in GST demonstrates the inhibition of this stage of the antioxidant system.

Effects of Mechanical Vibration in Neuromuscular Junctions and Fiber Type of the Soleus Muscle of Oophorectomized Wistar Rats.

Objective To evaluate the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) and the type of muscle fibers of the soleus muscle of oophorectomized Wistar rats submitted to a mechanical vibration protocol. Methods A total of 36 randomized rats were used in the pseudo-oophorectomy without and with treatment and oophorectomy without and with treatment groups. The treatment was performed with a vibratory platform, frequency of 60 Hz and duration of 10 minutes, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks. At the end of the intervention period, the animals were euthanized and the soleus muscles were collected and processed for analysis of the NMJs and fiber type. The data were analyzed for normality by the Shapiro-Wilk test and analysis of the 3-way variance using the post-hoc Tukey test, when necessary, and a significance level of 5% was adopted. Results In the analysis of the NMJs, the oophorectomy group presented a smaller area than the pseudo-oophorectomy group, but the oophorectomy with treatment group was equal to the pseudo-oophorectomy with treatment group. For the larger diameter of the joints, the oophorectomy group was also different from the others; however, the oophorectomy and treatment animals were larger than those of the pseudo-oophorectomy and treatment group. There was no distinction of the types of fibers, with the muscle presenting fibers of the oxidative type. Conclusion Hormonal deprivation reduced the area and diameter of the NMJs, with reversion of this process in the groups that underwent vibratory platform treatment for 4 weeks, and both surgery and treatment did not influence the type of soleus muscle fiber, composed of oxidative fibers.

Effects of Mechanical Vibration in Neuromuscular Junctions and Fiber Type of the Soleus Muscle of Oophorectomized Wistar Rats / Efeitos da vibração mecânica nas junções neuromusculares e tipo de fibra do músculo sóleo de ratas wistar ooforectomizadas

Abstract Objective To evaluate the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) and the type of muscle fibers of the soleus muscle of oophorectomized Wistar rats submitted to a mechanical vibration protocol. Methods A total of 36 randomized rats were used in the pseudo-oophorectomy without and with treatment and oophorectomy without and with treatment groups. The treatment was performed with a vibratory platform, frequency of 60 Hz and duration of 10 minutes, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks. At the end of the intervention period, the animals were euthanized and the soleus muscles were collected and processed for analysis of the NMJs and fiber type. The data were analyzed for normality by the Shapiro-Wilk test and analysis of the 3-way variance using the post-hoc Tukey test, when necessary, and a significance level of 5% was adopted. Results In the analysis of the NMJs, the oophorectomy group presented a smaller area than the pseudo-oophorectomy group, but the oophorectomy with treatment group was equal to the pseudo-oophorectomy with treatment group. For the larger diameter of the joints, the oophorectomy group was also different from the others; however, the oophorectomy and treatment animals were larger than those of the pseudo-oophorectomy and treatment group. There was no distinction of the types of fibers, with the muscle presenting fibers of the oxidative type. Conclusion Hormonal deprivation reduced the area and diameter of the NMJs, with reversion of this process in the groups that underwent vibratory platform treatment for 4 weeks, and both surgery and treatment did not influence the type of soleus muscle fiber, composed of oxidative fibers.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar as junções neuromusculares (JNMs) e o tipo de fibras musculares do músculo sóleo de ratas Wistar ooforectomizadas e submetidas a um protocolo de vibração mecânica. Métodos Foram utilizadas 36 ratas randomizadas nos grupos pseudo-ooforectomia sem e com tratamento e ooforectomia sem e com tratamento. O tratamento foi realizado com plataforma vibratória, frequência de 60 Hz e duração de 10 minutos, 3 vezes por semana, durante 4 semanas. Ao término do período de intervenção, os animais foram eutanasiados e os músculos sóleos coletados e processados para análise das JNMs e tipo de fibra. Os dados foram analisados quanto à normalidade pelo teste Shapiro-Wilk e análise da variância de 3 vias, utilizando o pós-teste de Tukey quando necessário, tendo sido adotado o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados Na análise das JNMs, o grupo ooforectomia apresentou área menor que o grupo pseudo-ooforectomia, porém o grupo ooforectomia tratado igualou-se ao grupo pseudo-ooforectomia tratado. Para o maior diâmetro das junções, o grupo ooforectomia também se apresentou diferente dos demais; porém, os animais do grupo ooforectomia tratado foram maiores que o grupo pseudo-ooforectomia tratado. Não houve distinção dos tipos de fibras, com o músculo apresentando fibras do tipo oxidativo. Conclusão A privação hormonal reduziu a área e o diâmetro das JNMs, com reversão deste processo nos grupos que realizaram o tratamento com plataforma vibratória durante 4 semanas e, ainda, tanto cirurgia quanto tratamento não influenciaram no tipo de fibra do músculo sóleo, composto por fibras oxidativas.

Morphological and nociceptive effects of mechanical vibration on the sciatic nerve of oophorectomized Wistar rats

Aim: To evaluate the effects of whole-body vibration in the sciatic nerve of oophorectomized Wistar rats, on nociceptive and morphological parameters, such as fiber, axon, and myelin sheath diameters, G ratio, number of nerve fiber and nuclei of Schwann cells, and percentage of connective tissue. Method: Sixty-four rats were used in the groups sham-operate and oophorectomy (n = 32/group); after surgical procedures, each group was subdivided into four: euthanized in the 12th week, untreated and treated for four weeks; and euthanized in the 16th week, untreated and treated for eight weeks. The treatment with vibration was performed with a 60 Hz frequencies, for 10 minutes, three days a week, with duration of 4 or 8 weeks. Nociception was evaluated later, in the right paw, by means of a digital analgesimeter, prior to surgery, at the beginning and at the end of the protocol. After the trial period, the sciatic nerve was dissected for examination of the general morphology of the tissue and morphometric analysis; later, the animals were euthanized. Results: Regarding nociception and the morphometry of the sciatic nerve, independent of oophorectomy and treatment time, there was no statistically significant difference within and between groups. Also, the general morphology of the tissue in all groups had characteristics that were preserved. Conclusion: The mechanical vibration did not alter the nociceptive threshold and the morphological aspects of nerve fibers in oophorectomized Wistar rats.(AU)

Analysis of the muscle tissue of Wistar rats submitted to the sciatic nerve compression model and cryotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of right sciatic nerve compression and cryotherapy on muscle tissue. METHODS: We used 42 male Wistar rats, subdivided in the following Groups Control, Injury 3, Injury 8 and Injury 15 submitted to nerve compression and euthanized in the 3rd, 8th and 15th day after surgery. The Cryotherapy Injury 3 was entailed treatment with cryotherapy by immersion of the animal in recipient for 20 minutes during 1 day, then animals were euthanized at the 3rd day after surgery, and the Cryotherapy Injury 8 and the Cryotherapy Injury 15 was treated for 6 days, and euthanized at the 8th and 15th day after surgery. Functional evaluation was performed by the grasping strength of the right pelvic limb. The right tibialis anterior muscles were evaluated for mass, smaller diameter and cross-sectional area. In the Cryotherapy Injury 8 and the Cryotherapy Injury 15 groups, the hydroxyproline was dosed in the right soles. RESULTS: In the compression there was a significant difference in the Injury Groups compared with the Control Group (p<0.05). In the smaller diameter, the compression in Control Group was higher than Injury 8 (p=0.0094), Injury 15 (p=0.002) and Cryotherapy Injury 15 (p<0.001) groups. The comparison between groups with euthanasia in the same post-operative period, a significant difference (p=0.0363) was seen in day 8th after surgery, and this result in Cryotherapy Injury Group was greater than Injury Group. In the fiber area, Control Group was also higher than the Injury 8 (p=0.0018), the Injury 15 (p<0.001) and the Cryotherapy Injury 15 (p<0.001). In hydroxyproline, no significant difference was seen between groups. CONCLUSION: Nerve damage resulted in decreased muscle strength and trophism, the cryotherapy delayed hypotrophy, but this effect did not persist after cessation of treatment.

Uso do laser de baixa potência em estrias de distensão: ensaio clínico randomizado controlado / Use of low level laser therapy in striae distensae: a randomized controlled trial

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar os efeitos da laserterapia de baixa potência (660 nm) no tratamento de estrias albas. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um ensaio clínico randomizado com 20 mulheres divididas por igual em grupo controle e grupo tratamento. Para inclusão elas deveriam possuir estrias albas em região glútea e aceitar participar do estudo. Os critérios de exclusão foram: realização de outro tratamento para estrias, estado gravídico, uso de esteroides, tabagismo, diagnóstico de câncer, áreas hemorrágicas na pele, diagnóstico de epilepsia, diagnóstico de trombose, ou qualquer alteração cognitiva. Foram realizadas 12 aplicações de laser 660 nm, durante quatro semanas. Após mais quatro semanas de seguimento, foi realizada uma reavaliação. Após cada aplicação foram feitas fotos da região para avaliação do tamanho das estrias por meio de planimetria digitalizada, que avalia a porcentagem de área ocupada pelas estrias. Para essa avaliação foram utilizadas as fotos por ocasião da primeira aplicação (AV1), da sexta (AV2), da 12ª (AV3) e da última avaliação, após quatro semanas do término do tratamento (AV4). Foram realizadas também avaliações qualitativas por tato (profundidade) e inspeção visual (tonalidade e tamanho). RESULTADOS: A análise pela planimetria demonstrou que não houve diferença entre a área ocupada pelas estrias quando se compararam as diversas avaliações do mesmo grupo, até a AV3. Porém na AV4 (quatro semanas após a última aplicação de laser) do grupo tratamento, houve diminuição estatisticamente significativa da área de estrias em relação à AV1. No grupo controle, não houve diferença entre AV4 e as outras avaliações. Na comparação entre os dois grupos, não houve diferença nas três primeiras avaliações. Porém na AV4 o grupo tratamento mostrou menor área das estrias em relação ao grupo controle. Na análise qualitativa o grupo tratado apresentou menor visibilidade e menor profundidade das estrias ao tato. CONCLUSÕES: A terapia com 12 sessões de laser de baixa potência durante quatro semanas teve efeito positivo no tratamento de estrias albas, com os resultados tornando-se evidentes somente quatro semanas após a última aplicação. O laser de 660nm mostrou-se um método não invasivo, indolor e de rápida aplicação.

AIMS: To analyze the effects of low-level laser therapy (660nm) in the treatment of striae alba. METHODS: A randomized clinical trial was conducted with 20 women equally divided into a control group and a treatment group. For inclusion, they should have striae alba in the gluteal region and accept to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria were other treatment for striae, pregnancy, steroid use, smoking, cancer diagnosis, hemorrhagic areas on the skin, diagnosis of epilepsy, diagnosis of thrombosis, or any cognitive impairment. Twelve applications of 660 nm laser were performed for four weeks. After another four weeks of follow-up, a reevaluation was performed. After each application, photos were taken from the region to evaluate the size of the striae by means of scanned planimetry, which calculates the percentage of area occupied by the striae. For this evaluation, the photos taken at the first application (AV1), the sixth (AV2), the 12th (AV3) and the last evaluation, after four weeks of treatment completion (AV4), were used. Qualitative evaluations were also performed by touch (depth) and visual inspection (hue and size). RESULTS: The analysis by planimetry showed that there was no difference between the area occupied by the striae when comparing the various evaluations of the same group, until the AV3. However in AV4 (four weeks after the last laser application) of the treatment group, there was a statistically significant decrease of the stria area in relation to AV1. In the control group, there was no difference between AV4 and the other evaluations. In the comparison between the two groups, there was no difference in the first three evaluations. However in AV4 the treatment group showed a smaller area of the striae in relation to the control group. In the qualitative analysis the treated group had lower visibility and less depth of the striae to the touch. CONCLUSIONS: Therapy with 12 sessions of low-level laser for four weeks had a positive effect on the treatment of striae alba, with results becoming evident only four weeks after the last application. The 660 nm laser showed to be a non-invasive, painless and fast-applied method.

Crioterapia em modelo de compressão do nervo isquiático: análise funcional e morfológica / Cryotherapy in sciatic nerve compression model: functional and morphological analysis / Crioterapia en modelo de compresión del nervio ciático: análisis funcional y morfológico

RESUMO Introdução: A crioterapia é uma modalidade terapêutica que visa reduzir processos álgicos e inflamatórios, sendo que a imersão é considerada a forma mais eficaz; no entanto, a literatura apresenta possíveis efeitos deletérios com relação à aplicação da crioterapia em nervos superficiais. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da crioterapia em modelo experimental de compressão do nervo isquiático em ratos Wistar, por meio de análise funcional e morfológica. Métodos: Foram utilizados 42 ratos, sendo seis animais por grupo: G1 - controle, submetido à eutanásia no 15º dia de pós-operatório (PO); G2, G3 e G4 - submetidos à compressão do nervo isquiático, submetidos à eutanásia no 3º, 8º e 15º dias de PO, respectivamente; G5, G6 e G7 - submetidos à compressão do nervo isquiático e tratados com crioterapia, submetidos à eutanásia no 3º, 8º e 15º dias de PO, respectivamente. As avaliações do índice funcional do isquiático (IFC) e do teste de incapacidade funcional aconteceram nos momentos pré-lesão, no 2º de PO e no dia da eutanásia em cada grupo com lesão. Após o período de intervenção, os animais foram devidamente anestesiados e o nervo isquiático distal ao procedimento de compressão foi dissecado e coletado para análise morfológica. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo teste de ANOVA mista, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Houve diminuição do IFC após a lesão e o teste de incapacidade funcional mostrou aumento do tempo de elevação da pata. Com relação à análise morfológica, o G1 apresentou fibras nervosas com aspecto normal e nos grupos com lesão houve degeneração nervosa, sendo que o G6 teve uma discreta recuperação das fibras nervosas, além de leve regeneração no G4 e G7. Conclusão: A crioterapia não foi eficaz para recuperar os parâmetros funcionais analisados, entretanto, houve discreta melhora dos aspectos morfológicos do grupo submetido à eutanásia no 8º dia de PO. Nível de Evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Cryotherapy is a therapeutic modality that aims to reduce inflammatory and painful processes, with immersion being considered the most effective form; however, the literature has possible deleterious effects related to the application of cryotherapy to superficial nerves. Objective: To evaluate the effect of cryotherapy in experimental model of sciatic nerve compression in Wistar rats, through morphologic and functional analysis. Methods: Forty-two rats were used, six animals per group: G1 - control euthanized on the 15th postoperative day (PO); G2, G3 and G4 - submitted to sciatic nerve compression, euthanized at 3rd, 8th and 15th PO days, respectively; G5, G6 and G7 - submitted to sciatic nerve compression and treated with cryotherapy, euthanized at 3rd, 8th and 15th PO days, respectively. The assessments of sciatic functional index (SFI) and the functional disability test took place at the pre-injury, 2nd PO and on the day of euthanasia in each group with injury. After the intervention period, the animals were anesthetized properly and the sciatic nerve distal to the compression procedure was dissected and collected for morphological analysis. Statistical analysis was by the mixed ANOVA test with a significance level of 5%. Results: There was a decrease of SFI after injury and the functional disability test showed an increase in paw elevation time. Regarding the morphological analysis, the G1 showed normal nerve fibers and in the groups with lesion, there was nerve degeneration, G6 had a slight recovery of the nerve fibers, besides mild regeneration in G4 and G7. Conclusion: Cryotherapy was not effective to recover the functional parameters analyzed; however, there was a slight improvement in the morphological aspects of the group euthanized on the 8th PO day. Level of Evidence II; Therapeutic studies - Investigating the results of treatment.

RESUMEN Introducción: La crioterapia es una modalidad terapéutica que busca reducir procesos de dolor e inflamatorios, siendo que la inmersión es considerada la forma más eficaz; sin embargo, la literatura presenta posibles efectos deletéreos con relación a la aplicación de la crioterapia en nervios superficiales. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la crioterapia en modelo experimental de compresión del nervio ciático en ratas Wistar, por medio de análisis funcional y morfológico. Métodos: Se utilizaron 42 ratas, siendo seis animales por grupo: G1 - control, sometido a la eutanasia en el 15º día de postoperatorio (PO); G2, G3 y G4 - sometidos a la compresión del nervio ciático, sometidos a la eutanasia en los 3º, 8º y 15º días de PO, respectivamente; G5, G6 y G7 - sometidos a la compresión del nervio ciático y tratados con crioterapia, sometidos a la eutanasia en los 3º, 8º y 15º días de PO, respectivamente. Las evaluaciones del índice funcional del ciático (IFC) y la prueba de incapacidad funcional ocurrieron en los momentos pre-lesión, en el 2º día de PO y el día de la eutanasia en cada grupo con lesión. Después del período de intervención, los animales fueron debidamente anestesiados y el nervio ciático distal al procedimiento de compresión fue disecado y recogido para análisis morfológico. El análisis estadístico fue realizado por la prueba de ANOVA mixta, con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: Hubo disminución del IFC después de la lesión y la prueba de incapacidad funcional mostró aumento del tiempo de elevación de la pata. En cuanto al análisis morfológico, el G1 presentó fibras nerviosas con aspecto normal y en los grupos lesionados hubo degeneración nerviosa, siendo que el G6 tuvo una discreta recuperación de las fibras nerviosas, además de ligera regeneración en el G4 y G7. Conclusión: La crioterapia no fue eficaz para recuperar los parámetros funcionales analizados, sin embargo, hubo discreta mejora de los aspectos morfológicos del grupo sometido a la eutanasia en el 8º día de PO. Nivel de Evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de los resultados del tratamento.

Analysis of the muscle tissue of Wistar rats submitted to the sciatic nerve compression model and cryotherapy / Análise do tecido muscular de ratos Wistar submetidos ao modelo de compressão do nervo isquiático e à crioterapia

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effects of right sciatic nerve compression and cryotherapy on muscle tissue. Methods: We used 42 male Wistar rats, subdivided in the following Groups Control, Injury 3, Injury 8 and Injury 15 submitted to nerve compression and euthanized in the 3rd, 8th and 15th day after surgery. The Cryotherapy Injury 3 was entailed treatment with cryotherapy by immersion of the animal in recipient for 20 minutes during 1 day, then animals were euthanized at the 3rd day after surgery, and the Cryotherapy Injury 8 and the Cryotherapy Injury 15 was treated for 6 days, and euthanized at the 8th and 15th day after surgery. Functional evaluation was performed by the grasping strength of the right pelvic limb. The right tibialis anterior muscles were evaluated for mass, smaller diameter and cross-sectional area. In the Cryotherapy Injury 8 and the Cryotherapy Injury 15 groups, the hydroxyproline was dosed in the right soles. Results: In the compression there was a significant difference in the Injury Groups compared with the Control Group (p<0.05). In the smaller diameter, the compression in Control Group was higher than Injury 8 (p=0.0094), Injury 15 (p=0.002) and Cryotherapy Injury 15 (p<0.001) groups. The comparison between groups with euthanasia in the same post-operative period, a significant difference (p=0.0363) was seen in day 8th after surgery, and this result in Cryotherapy Injury Group was greater than Injury Group. In the fiber area, Control Group was also higher than the Injury 8 (p=0.0018), the Injury 15 (p<0.001) and the Cryotherapy Injury 15 (p<0.001). In hydroxyproline, no significant difference was seen between groups. Conclusion: Nerve damage resulted in decreased muscle strength and trophism, the cryotherapy delayed hypotrophy, but this effect did not persist after cessation of treatment.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da compressão nervosa do isquiático direito e da crioterapia no tecido muscular. Métodos: Foram utilizados 42 ratos Wistar machos, subdivididos nos Grupos Controle, Lesão 3, Lesão 8 e Lesão 15, submetidos a compressão nervosa e eutanasiados, respectivamente, no 3°, 8° e 15° dias pós-operatório; Lesão Crioterapia 3, tratado com crioterapia, por imersão durante 20 minutos, por 1 dia, e eutanasiados no 3° dia pós-operatório; e Lesão Crioterapia 8 e Lesão Crioterapia 15, tratados durante 6 dias e eutanasiados no 8° e 15° dias pós-operatório. A avaliação funcional foi realizada pela força de preensão do membro pélvico direito. Os músculos tibiais anteriores direitos foram avaliados quanto a massa, menor diâmetro e área de secção transversa. Em Lesão Crioterapia 8 e Lesão Crioterapia 15, foi dosada a hidroxiprolina nos sóleos direitos. Resultados: Na preensão, houve diferença significativa nos Grupos Lesão quando comparados ao Grupo Controle (p<0,05). No menor diâmetro, o Grupo Controle foi maior que Lesão 8 (p=0,0094), Lesão 15 (p = 0,002) e Lesão Crioterapia 15 (p<0,001). Na comparação entre os grupos com eutanásia no mesmo pós-operatório, houve diferença significativa (p=0,0363) no 8° pós-operatório, sendo Lesão Crioterapia maior que Lesão. Na área das fibras, o Grupo Controle também foi maior que Lesão 8 (p=0,0018), Lesão 15 (p<0,001) e Lesão Crioterapia 15 (p<0,001). Na hidroxiprolina, não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos. Conclusão: A lesão nervosa resultou na diminuição da força e em trofismo muscular, e a crioterapia retardou a hipotrofia, porém este efeito não se manteve após o tratamento cessar.

Experimental Periodontitis in the Potentialization of the Effects of Immobilism in the Skeletal Striated Muscle.

This study aims to evaluate if ligature-induced periodontitis can potentiates the deleterious effects of immobilization in the skeletal striated muscle, contributing to the development of muscle atrophy due to disuse. Forty Wistar rats were divided into four groups: (1) Control Group (CG), (2) Periodontal Disease (PDG), (3) Immobilized (IG), and (4) Immobilized with Periodontal Disease (IPDG). Periodontal disease was induced for 30 days, with ligature method, and the immobilization was performed with cast bandage for 15 days. Prior to euthanasia, nociceptive threshold and muscular grasping force were evaluated. Afterwards, the soleus muscle was dissected and processed for sarcomere counting and morphological/morphometric analysis. For data analysis, was used the one-way ANOVA and post-test Tukey (p < 0.05). The IG and IPDG presented lower muscle weight, lower muscular grip strength, and less number of sarcomeres compared to CG. The PDG showed reduction of muscle strength and nociceptive threshold after 15 days of periodontal disease and increased connective tissue compared to CG. The IPDG presented lower muscle length and nociceptive threshold. The IG presented reduction in cross-sectional area and smaller diameter, increase in the number of nuclei and a nucleus/fiber ratio, decrease in the number of capillaries and capillary/fiber ratio, with increase in connective tissue. The IPDG had increased nucleus/fiber ratio, decreased capillaries, and increased connective tissue when compared to the IG. The IPDG presented greater muscle tissue degeneration and increased inflammatory cells compared to the other groups. Ligature-induced periodontitis potentiated the deleterious effects of immobilization of the skeletal striated muscle.

Therapeutic ultrasound after sciatic nerve compression of Wistar rats.

OBJECTIVES: The present study analyzed the effect of therapy with therapeutic ultrasound on the sciatic nerve after compression injury, comparing two similar doses of SATA. METHODS: In total, 32 Wistar rats were used, divided into the following groups: CG - control; IG - compression injury of the sciatic nerve; IGCU - injury and continuous ultrasound; and IGPU - injury and 20% pulsed ultrasound. The treatment with ultrasound started on the 3rd postoperative day, with a frequency of 1 MHz, 0.4 W/cm² (SATA) for IGCU. IGPU received 2.0 W/cm2 (SATP), with 20% of the active cycle, for 3 minutes. The treatment was performed on a daily basis, totaling 15 days of therapy. Evaluations were performed for functional, histological, and morphometric forms. RESULTS: Both the Sciatic Functional Index and the withdrawal threshold and grip strength failed to show an advantage of using therapeutic ultrasound. For the morphometric evaluations of nerve fiber diameter and axons, myelin sheath thickness, and G quotient and nerve fiber estimates, IGPU values were estimated to be significantly lower. The morphological analysis revealed intense inflammatory response and neovascularization, as well as degeneration of axons and the myelin sheath, for the injury group and IGCU; however, IGPU showed greater tissue disorganization. CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences, showing functional or nocicepitive recovery of the treated groups, including with characteristics pointing to the pulsed group with worse results.

Jumping in aquatic environment after sciatic nerve compression: nociceptive evaluation and morphological characteristics of the soleus muscle of Wistar rats.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of jumping in aquatic environment on nociception and in the soleus muscle of trained and not trained Wistar rats, in the treatment of compressive neuropathy of the sciatic nerve. METHODS: Twenty-five Wistar rats were distributed into five groups: Control, Lesion, Trained + Lesion, Lesion + Exercise, and Trained + Lesion + Exercise. The training was jumping exercise in water environment for 20 days prior to injury, and treatment after the injury. Nociception was evaluated in two occasions, before injury and seven after injury. On the last day of the experiment, the right soleus muscles were collected, processed and analyzed as to morphology and morphometry. RESULTS: In the assessment of nociception in the injury site, the Control Group had higher average than the rest, and the Lesion Group was larger than the Trained + Lesion and Lesion + Exercise Groups. The Control Group showed higher nociceptive threshold in paw, compared to the others. In the morphometric analysis, in relation to Control Group, all the injured groups showed decreased muscle fiber area, and in the Lesion Group was lower than in the Lesion + Exercise Group and Trained + Lesion Group. Considering the diameter of the muscle fiber, the Control Group had a higher average than the Trained + Lesion Group and the Trained + Lesion + Exercise Group; and the Lesion Group showed an average lower than the Trained + Lesion and Lesion + Exercise Groups. CONCLUSION: Resistance exercise produced increased nociception. When performed prior or after nerve damage, it proved effective in avoiding hypotrophy. The combination of the two protocols led to decrease in diameter and area of the muscle fiber. OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos do salto em meio aquático, na nocicepção e no músculo sóleo, em ratos Wistar treinados e não treinados, no tratamento de neuropatia compressiva do nervo isquiático. MÉTODOS: Foram distribuídos em cinco grupos 25 ratos Wistar: Controle, Lesão, Treinado + Lesão, Lesão + Exercício e Treinado + Lesão + Exercício. O treino foi com exercício de salto em meio aquático durante 20 dias, prévio à lesão, e o tratamento ocorreu após a lesão. Foram realizadas avaliações da nocicepção, sendo uma pré-lesão e sete pós-lesão. No último dia de experimento, os músculos sóleos direitos foram coletados, processados e analisados por meio de morfologia e morfometria. RESULTADOS: Na avaliação da nocicepção no local da lesão, o Grupo Controle apresentou média maior que os demais, e o Grupo Lesão foi maior que os Grupos Treinado + Lesão e Lesão + Exercício. O Grupo Controle apresentou limiar nociceptivo na pata maior com relação aos demais. Nas análises morfométricas, em relação ao Grupo Controle, todos os grupos lesionados apresentaram diminuição da área da fibra muscular; o Grupo Lesão apresentou-se menor que os Grupos Treinado + Lesão e Lesão + Exercício. No diâmetro da fibra muscular, o Grupo Controle apresentou média maior que os Grupos Treinado + Lesão e Treinado + Lesão + Exercício, e o Grupo Lesão apresentou média menor que os Grupos Treinado + Lesão e Lesão + Exercício. CONCLUSÃO: O exercício físico resistido produziu aumento da nocicepção. Quando realizado previamente ou após a lesão nervosa, mostrou-se eficaz em evitar a hipotrofia. A associação dos dois protocolos levou à diminuição do diâmetro e da área da fibra muscular.

Jumping in aquatic environment after sciatic nerve compression: nociceptive evaluation and morphological characteristics of the soleus muscle of Wistar rats / Salto em meio aquático após compressão de nervo isquiático: avaliação nociceptiva e características morfológicas do músculo sóleo de ratos Wistar

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the effect of jumping in aquatic environment on nociception and in the soleus muscle of trained and not trained Wistar rats, in the treatment of compressive neuropathy of the sciatic nerve. Methods Twenty-five Wistar rats were distributed into five groups: Control, Lesion, Trained + Lesion, Lesion + Exercise, and Trained + Lesion + Exercise. The training was jumping exercise in water environment for 20 days prior to injury, and treatment after the injury. Nociception was evaluated in two occasions, before injury and seven after injury. On the last day of the experiment, the right soleus muscles were collected, processed and analyzed as to morphology and morphometry. Results In the assessment of nociception in the injury site, the Control Group had higher average than the rest, and the Lesion Group was larger than the Trained + Lesion and Lesion + Exercise Groups. The Control Group showed higher nociceptive threshold in paw, compared to the others. In the morphometric analysis, in relation to Control Group, all the injured groups showed decreased muscle fiber area, and in the Lesion Group was lower than in the Lesion + Exercise Group and Trained + Lesion Group. Considering the diameter of the muscle fiber, the Control Group had a higher average than the Trained + Lesion Group and the Trained + Lesion + Exercise Group; and the Lesion Group showed an average lower than the Trained + Lesion and Lesion + Exercise Groups. Conclusion Resistance exercise produced increased nociception. When performed prior or after nerve damage, it proved effective in avoiding hypotrophy. The combination of the two protocols led to decrease in diameter and area of the muscle fiber.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar os efeitos do salto em meio aquático, na nocicepção e no músculo sóleo, em ratos Wistar treinados e não treinados, no tratamento de neuropatia compressiva do nervo isquiático. Métodos Foram distribuídos em cinco grupos 25 ratos Wistar: Controle, Lesão, Treinado + Lesão, Lesão + Exercício e Treinado + Lesão + Exercício. O treino foi com exercício de salto em meio aquático durante 20 dias, prévio à lesão, e o tratamento ocorreu após a lesão. Foram realizadas avaliações da nocicepção, sendo uma pré-lesão e sete pós-lesão. No último dia de experimento, os músculos sóleos direitos foram coletados, processados e analisados por meio de morfologia e morfometria. Resultados Na avaliação da nocicepção no local da lesão, o Grupo Controle apresentou média maior que os demais, e o Grupo Lesão foi maior que os Grupos Treinado + Lesão e Lesão + Exercício. O Grupo Controle apresentou limiar nociceptivo na pata maior com relação aos demais. Nas análises morfométricas, em relação ao Grupo Controle, todos os grupos lesionados apresentaram diminuição da área da fibra muscular; o Grupo Lesão apresentou-se menor que os Grupos Treinado + Lesão e Lesão + Exercício. No diâmetro da fibra muscular, o Grupo Controle apresentou média maior que os Grupos Treinado + Lesão e Treinado + Lesão + Exercício, e o Grupo Lesão apresentou média menor que os Grupos Treinado + Lesão e Lesão + Exercício. Conclusão O exercício físico resistido produziu aumento da nocicepção. Quando realizado previamente ou após a lesão nervosa, mostrou-se eficaz em evitar a hipotrofia. A associação dos dois protocolos levou à diminuição do diâmetro e da área da fibra muscular.

Effects of the platelet-rich fibrin associated with physical exercise in a model of median nerve compression

AIMS: Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) is a new and promising technique for tissue repair, however, there is still a gap about its action on peripheral nerve injury, as well as its association with physical exercise. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the PRF associated with physical exercise in a model of median nerve compression. METHODS: 42 rats, divided into: Control, non-injured limb, and other six groups with nerve lesion (Control lesion; Treated with PRF; Treadmill walking; Free swimming; PRF and treadmill; PRF and swimming). The lesion model was performed with median nerve compression. To obtain the PRF, 1.5 mL of blood was centrifuged and the fibrin clot positioned directly over the compression region. The exercise protocols were performed during 2 weeks. The evaluations performed were grip strength tests and histologic analysis. RESULTS: both, grip strength and histomorphometric evaluations (fiber numbers and axon density) did not present significant differences between the treated and lesion groups, however, in the morphological evaluation it was possible to distinguish characteristics of the repair process for the treated groups. CONCLUSION: a slight qualitative improvement was observed for the treated groups, especially when it was associated PRF with free swimming.(AU)

The morphological and functional effects of exercise in the aquatic environment, performed before and/or after sciatic nerve compression in Wistar rats.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of exercise in the aquatic environment, performed before and/or after sciatic nerve compression in Wistar rats on morphological and functional parameters. Twenty-five Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: control (C), lesion (L), trained+lesion (TL), lesion+exercise (LE), and training+lesion+exercise (TLE), who underwent right sciatic nerve compression on day 21 of the experiment. The TL and TLE groups were submitted to a jumping exercise in a water environment for 20 days prior to injury and the LE and TLE groups after injury. The functional analysis was carried out using the sciatic functional index (SFI). On the last day of the experiment, the right sciatic nerves were collected, processed and analysed according to morphology and morphometry. The C group showed higher SFI in relation to the other groups. In the morphometric analysis, in comparison to C, all groups showed a decrease in the diameter of the injured nerve fibre, the myelin sheath and an increase in the percentage of connective tissue. There was a decrease in axon diameter in L, TL, and LE groups and a decrease in the density of nerve fibres in the TL and LE groups. The exercise did not affect functional recovery. However, the exercise prior to the injury improved morphology of the nervous tissue, and when performed pre- and postinjury, there was also an improvement in nerve regeneration, but this was not the case with exercise performed after the injury demonstrating worse results.

Evaluation of nociception and edema in experimental sciatic nerve compression model in Wistar rats treated with cryotherapy / Avaliação da nocicepção e edema em modelo experimental de compressão do nervo isquiático em ratos Wistar tratados com crioterapia

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Considering the scarcity of studies addressing cryotherapy to treat peripheral nervous injuries, this study aimed at evaluating nociception and edema in an experimental sciatic nerve compression model with Wistar rats treated with cryotherapy. METHODS: Forty-two rats were randomly distributed in groups: G1 - control, euthanized in the 15th postoperative day; G2, G3 and G4 - submitted to sciatic nerve compression and euthanized in the 3rd, 8th and 15th postoperative day, respectively; G5, G6 and G7 - submitted to sciatic nerve compression and treated with cryotherapy, euthanized in the 3rd, 8th and 15th postoperative day, respectively. Nociception evaluation at injury site and plantar region, and observation of edema were performed before injury, in the 2nd postoperative day and in the day corresponding to euthanasia of each injured group. Mixed ANOVA was used for statistical analysis, considering significant 5%. RESULTS: There has been decreased pain threshold at injury site in injured groups, however there has been increase in the same groups with regard to evaluations in the 8th and 15th postoperative days. Nociception in the plantar region was similar to previous one, however threshold has not increased. With regard to edema, there has been significant difference in evaluations in the 3rd and 2nd postoperative days corresponding to G1, G4 and G7, which had higher values as compared to pre-injury. CONCLUSION: Cryotherapy has not increased nociceptive threshold or decreased the edema.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Considerando a carência de estudos a respeito da crioterapia como tratamento de lesão nervosa periférica, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a nocicepção e o edema em modelo experimental de compressão do nervo isquiático em ratos Wistar, tratados com crioterapia. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 42 ratos separados aleatoriamente nos grupos: G1 - controle, eutanasiado no 15º de pós-operatório; G2, G3 e G4 - submetidos à compressão do nervo isquiático, eutanasiados no 3º, 8º e 15º de pós-operatório, respectivamente; G5, G6 e G7 - submetidos à compressão do nervo isquiático e tratados com crioterapia, eutanasiados no 3º, 8º e 15º de pós-operatório, respectivamente. As avaliações da nocicepção no local da lesão e na região plantar, e a verificação do edema aconteceram nos momentos pré-lesão, 2º dia de pós-operatório e no dia correspondente a eutanásia de cada grupo lesionado. A análise estatística foi pela ANOVA mista, com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: No local da lesão houve diminuição do limiar doloroso nos grupos lesionados, entretanto, apresentou aumento do mesmo nos grupos relacionados às avaliações do 8º e 15º de pós-operatório. Já a nocicepção realizada na região plantar foi semelhante à anterior, porém o limar não aumentou. Com relação ao edema, houve diferença significativa na avaliação realizada no 3º e no 2º dias de pós-operatório correspondentes ao G1, G4 e G7, que apresentaram valores maiores comparadas com a pré-lesão. CONCLUSÃO: A crioterapia não auxiliou no aumento do limiar nociceptivo e redução de edema.

Avaliação nociceptiva da associação entre exercício físico e fibrina rica em plaquetas em ratos Wistar submetidos ao modelo de compressão de nervo mediano / Nociceptive evaluation of the association between physical exercises and platelet-rich fibrin in Wistar rats submitted to median nerve compression

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Fibrina rica em plaquetas é uma técnica nova e promissora na aceleração do reparo, com possíveis efeitos analgésicos, contudo, ainda há uma lacuna com relação à lesão nervosa periférica, bem como com a associação com exercícios físicos. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da fibrina rica em plaquetas associada a exercício físico sobre a nocicepção e o edema, em modelo experimental de compressão do nervo mediano. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 36 ratos, todos submetidos a compressão do nervo mediano e divididos em seis grupos: G1: sem manipulações adicionais; G2: compressão e tratado com fibrina rica em plaquetas; G3: compressão e tratado com natação livre; G4: compressão e exercício de caminhada em esteira; G5: natação livre + fibrina rica em plaquetas; G6: caminhada em esteira + fibrina rica em plaquetas. O modelo de lesão foi realizado com amarria do nervo mediano, com fio catgut 4.0 cromado. Para obtenção da fibrina rica em plaquetas, 1,5mL de sangue foi centrifugado e o coágulo de fibrina foi posicionado diretamente sobre a região da compressão. Os protocolos de exercício foram realizados durante 2 semanas, entre o 3º e 14º dias de pós-operatório. As avaliações nociceptivas e de edema ocorreram, respectivamente, pelo limiar de retirada de pata e pletismometria, nos momentos prévios à lesão, no 3º, 7º e 15º dias de pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferenças entre os grupos, apenas entre as avaliações, denotando que houve aumento da nocicepção e do edema, o qual perdurou ou foi decaindo, respectivamente, com o passar do tempo. CONCLUSÃO: O uso isolado ou associado da fibrina rica em plaquetas com exercícios físicos não produziu alterações na nocicepção e edema.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Platelet-rich fibrin is a new and promising technique to accelerate repair, with possible analgesic effects; however, there is still a gap with regard to peripheral nerve injury and the association with physical exercises. So, this study aimed at evaluating the effects of platelet-rich fibrin associated to physical exercises on nociception and edema in experimental median nerve compression model. METHODS: Thirty-six rats, all submitted to median nerve compression, were divided in six groups: G1: without additional manipulation; G2: compression and treated with platelet-rich fibrin; G3: compression and treated with free swimming; G4: compression and walking on a treadmill; G5: free swimming + platelet-rich fibrin; G6: walking on a treadmill + platelet-rich fibrin. Injury was induced by tying the median nerve with chrome plated catgut 4.0. Platelet-rich fibrin was obtained by centrifuging 1.5 mL of blood and positioning the fibrin clot directly on the compression region. Exercises were carried out during two weeks, between the 3rd and 14th postoperative days. Nociception and edema were evaluated, respectively, by flinch threshold and plethysmometer, in moments before injury and in the 3rd, 7th and 15th postoperative days. RESULTS: There have been no differences among groups, only among evaluations, showing increased nociception and edema, which has lasted or improved, respectively, over time. CONCLUSION: Platelet-rich fibrin alone or associated to physical exercises has not changed nociception and edema.

Mobilização neural aplicada em diferentes locais sobre a compressão do nervo isquiático de ratos Wistar / Neural mobilization applied at different sites on the sciatic nerve compression in Wistar rats

Introdução: a mobilização neural é uma técnica que visa restituir a função do sistema nervoso, contudo há ainda desconhecimento sobre o local mais apropriado. Objetivos: avaliar os efeitos da mobilização neural no tratamento da compressão do nervo isquiático de ratos Wistar, e comparar os diferentes locais de aplicação. Métodos: 24 ratos Wistar foram submetidos à compressão do nervo isquiático direito, e separados em quatro grupos: lesão (GL), mobilização neural no lesionado (GPD), mobilização neural no membro contralateral (GPE) e mobilização neural no membro ipsilateral a lesão (GEP). Foram realizadas avaliações funcionais pelo tempo de elevação da pata (TEP) e dolorímetro digital de Von Frey, após a última avaliação, o nervo isquiático foi seccionado para análise histológica. Resultados: houve diferença entre o GL (23,54) e GPE (23,98) na avaliação do TEP (p=0,028), na avaliação nociceptiva e histológica não houve diferenças significativas (p>0,05). Conclusão: a mobilização neural no membro contralateral foi prejudicial, enquanto o tratamento no membro acometido e no membro ipsilateral não apresentou diferença significativa.

Introduction: neural mobilization is a technique that aims to restore the function of the nervous system, yet there still lack of knowledge about the most appropriate place. Objectives: to evaluate the effects of neural mobilization in the treatment of sciatic nerve compression Wistar rats, and compare the different application sites. Methods: 24 Wistar rats were right sciatic nerve compression, and separated into four groups: injury (GL), neural mobilization in the injured (GPD), neural mobilization in the contralateral limb (GPE) and neural mobilization in the ipsilateral limb injury (GEP). Functional assessments were performed at paw elevation time (TEP) and digital Von Frey dolorimeter after the last evaluation, the sciatic nerve was sectioned for histological analysis. Results: there was a difference between the GL (23.54) and GPE (23.98) in the evaluation of the TEP (p=0.028), in nociceptive and histological evaluation no significant differences (p>0.05). Conclusion: the neural mobilization held in the contralateral limb was harmful, while treating the affected and ipsilateral limb showed no significant difference.

Influence of low-level laser therapy on vertical jump in sedentary individuals.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of low intensity laser (660nm), on the surae triceps muscle fatigue and power, during vertical jump in sedentary individuals, in addition to delayed onset muscle soreness. METHODS: We included 22 sedentary volunteers in the study, who were divided into three groups: G1 (n=8) without performing low intensity laser (control); G2 (n=7) subjected to 6 days of low intensity laser applications; and G3 (n=7) subjected to 10 days of low intensity laser applications. All subjects were evaluated by means of six evaluations of vertical jumps lasting 60 seconds each. In G2 and G3, laser applications in eight points, uniformly distributed directly to the skin in the region of the triceps surae were performed. Another variable analyzed was the delayed onset muscle soreness using the Visual Analog Scale of Pain. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in fatigue and mechanical power. In the evaluation of delayed onset muscle soreness, there was significant difference, being the first evaluation higher than the others. CONCLUSION: The low intensity laser on the triceps surae, in sedentary individuals, had no significant effects on the variables evaluated.

Influence of low-level laser therapy on vertical jump in sedentary individuals / Influência do laser de baixa potência no salto vertical em indivíduos sedentários / Influência do laser de baixa potência no salto vertical em indivíduos sedentários

Objective To investigate the effects of low intensity laser (660nm), on the surae triceps muscle fatigue and power, during vertical jump in sedentary individuals, in addition to delayed onset muscle soreness. Methods We included 22 sedentary volunteers in the study, who were divided into three groups: G1 (n=8) without performing low intensity laser (control); G2 (n=7) subjected to 6 days of low intensity laser applications; and G3 (n=7) subjected to 10 days of low intensity laser applications. All subjects were evaluated by means of six evaluations of vertical jumps lasting 60 seconds each. In G2 and G3, laser applications in eight points, uniformly distributed directly to the skin in the region of the triceps surae were performed. Another variable analyzed was the delayed onset muscle soreness using the Visual Analog Scale of Pain. Results There was no significant difference in fatigue and mechanical power. In the evaluation of delayed onset muscle soreness, there was significant difference, being the first evaluation higher than the others. Conclusion The low intensity laser on the triceps surae, in sedentary individuals, had no significant effects on the variables evaluated. .

Objetivo Verificar os efeitos do laser de baixa potência (660nm) sobre o tríceps sural na fadiga muscular e na potência, durante o salto vertical, em indivíduos sedentários, além da dor muscular de início tardio. Métodos Foram inclusos no estudo 22 voluntários sedentários, divididos em três grupos: G1 (n=8), sem realização de laser de baixa potência (controle); G2 (n=7), submetido a 6 dias de aplicações de laser de baixa potência; e G3 (n=7), submetido a 10 dias de aplicações de laser de baixa potência. Todos os indivíduos foram avaliados por meio de seis avaliações de saltos verticais, com duração de 60 segundos cada. No G2 e G3, foram realizadas aplicações de laser em oito pontos, distribuídos uniformemente e diretamente na pele, na região de do tríceps sural. Outra variável analisada foi a dor muscular de início tardia, utilizando a Escala Visual Analógica de Dor. Resultados Não houve diferença significativa na fadiga e na potência mecânica. Na avaliação da dor muscular tardia, houve diferença significativa, sendo a primeira avaliação maior do que as demais avaliações. Conclusão A aplicação do laser de baixa potência no tríceps sural, em indivíduos sedentários, não apresentou efeitos significativos nas variáveis avaliadas. .